What research says about 13 skincare actives

A free 7-page guide. For each active: what studies found, where the evidence stops, and whether it was studied for dark spots.

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    Dryness, stinging, sun sensitivity.

    Each card lists the side effects that studies reported, and what is still unknown.

    Studied for dark spots?

    Each card ends with one line about dark spots. For some popular actives, the honest answer is: we found no studies.

    Who paid for the research.

    If a company paid for a source, or its authors work for one, the card says so.